Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

Original Articles

Effect of Burnout on Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms Among Firefighters in Korea: Data From the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health (FRESH): Woojin Kim, Munjoo Bae, Sei-Jin Chang, Jin-Ha Yoon, Da Yee Jeong, Dae-Sung Hyun, Hye-Yoon Ryu, Ki-Soo Park, Mi-Ji Kim, Changsoo Kim; J Prev Med Public Health. 2019;52(6):345-354. Published online October 24, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.19.116

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
It is well-known that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among firefighters contributes to their job-related stress. However, the relationship between burnout and PTSD in firefighters has rarely been studied. This study therefore explored the association between burnout and its related factors, such as trauma and violence, and PTSD symptoms among firefighters in Korea.
Methods
A total of 535 firefighters participated in the Firefighter Research on Enhancement of Safety & Health study at 3 university hospitals from 2016 to 2017. The 535 participants received a baseline health examination, including questionnaires assessing their mental health. A Web-based survey was also conducted to collect data on job-related stress, history of exposure to violence, burnout, and trauma experience. The associations among burnout, its related factors, and PTSD symptoms were investigated using structural equation modeling.
Results
Job demands (β=0.411, p<0.001) and effort-reward balance (β=-0.290, p<0.001) were significantly related to burnout. Burnout (β=0.237, p<0.001) and violence (β=0.123, p=0.014) were significantly related to PTSD risk. Trauma (β=0.131, p=0.001) was significantly related to burnout; however, trauma was not directly associated with PTSD scores (β=0.085, p=0.081).
Conclusions
Our results show that burnout and psychological, sexual, and physical violence at the hands of clients directly affected participants’ PTSD symptoms. Burnout mediated the relationship between trauma experience and PTSD.

Summary

Korean summary
535명의 현직소방관을 대상으로 소방공무원에서 업무관련스트레스, 폭력노출, 외상노출, 소진(번아웃), 외상후 스트레스 장애(PTSD) 증상 설문을 시행하였고, 구조방정식 통해 업무스트레스에 의한 소진이 PTSD에 주는 영향과 다른 요인간의 연관성을 분석하였다. 그 결과, 업무 환경에서의 높은 직무요구수준과 낮은 노력-보상 균형은 소진을 증가시키며, 업무스트레스에 의한 소진과 근무 중 겪게 되는 폭력노출 경험은 PTSD 점수와 양의 연관관계를 보였다. 반면, 업무 도중 외상사건 경험은 PTSD 점수와 직접적으로 유의한 연관관계를 보이지 않았으나, 소진을 통한 간접적으로 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다.

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Leilei Liang, Yuanchao Hu, Junsong Fei, Tongshuang Yuan, Ren Gao, Jingyi Yue, Qianqian Song, Xixi Zhao, Songli Mei
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms among Pediatric Healthcare Workers
Nikolaos Rigas, Zacharias Kyritsis, Maria Dagla, Alexandra Soldatou, Eirini Orovou, Maria Tzitiridou-Chatzopoulou, Panagiotis Eskitzis, Evangelia Antoniou
Nursing Reports.2024; 14(1): 115. CrossRef
Moderating effect of work fatigue on the association between resilience and posttraumatic stress symptoms: a cross-sectional multi-country study among pharmacists during the COVID-19 pandemic
Samar Younes, Souheil Hallit, Irfan Mohammed, Sarah El Khatib, Anna Brytek-Matera, Shadrach Chinecherem Eze, Kenneth Egwu, Rawshan Jabeen, Nebojša Pavlović, Pascale Salameh, Michelle Cherfane, Marwan Akel, Chadia Haddad, Randa Choueiry, Feten Fekih-Romdha
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V Thirayan, VY Kong, H Uchino, DL Clarke
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Firefighters and Spouses: Hostility, Satisfaction, and Conflict
Romana Pasca, Shannon L. Wagner
Journal of Family Issues.2023; 44(4): 1074. CrossRef
Psychological Variables Associated With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Firefighters: A Systematic Review
Elena R. Serrano-Ibáñez, Tania Corrás, Mirtha del Prado, Javier Diz, Carmen Varela
Trauma, Violence, & Abuse.2023; 24(4): 2049. CrossRef
Burnout and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among medical staff two years after the COVID-19 pandemic in Wuhan, China: Social support and resilience as mediators
Yifang Liu, Li Zou, Shijiao Yan, Pu Zhang, Jun Zhang, Jing Wen, Jing Mao, Longti Li, Ying Wang, Wenning Fu
Journal of Affective Disorders.2023; 321: 126. CrossRef
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Paulina Pergol-Metko, Anna Staniszewska, Sebastian Metko, Zofia Sienkiewicz, Lukasz Czyzewski
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Mari-Amanda A. Dyal, Todd D. Smith, David M. DeJoy, Brian A. Moore
Behavior Modification.2022; 46(2): 374. CrossRef
Student Burnout and PTSD Symptoms: The Role of Existential Anxiety and Academic Fears on Students during the COVID 19 Pandemic
Katarzyna Tomaszek, Agnieszka Muchacka-Cymerman, Giovanni Galeoto
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The short form effort−reward imbalance: Measure of occupational stress for firefighters
Dal Lae Chin, MinJung Kyung, Jian Li, Stephanie Phelps, OiSaeng Hong
American Journal of Industrial Medicine.2022; 65(6): 492. CrossRef
Emergency nurses' burnout levels as the mediator of the relationship between stress and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms during COVID‐19 pandemic
Bey‐Jing Yang, Ching‐Wei Yen, Shou‐Ju Lin, Chien‐Hua Huang, Jhong‐Lin Wu, Yih‐Ru Cheng, Chia‐Chen Hsieh, Fei‐Hsiu Hsiao
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A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis on the Factors Related to Post-traumatic Growth of Fire Officials
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Short-term Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Emergency Department Visits for Diabetic Coma in Seoul, Korea: Hyunmee Kim, Woojin Kim, Jee eun Choi, Changsoo Kim, Jungwoo Sohn; J Prev Med Public Health. 2018;51(6):265-274. Published online October 29, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.18.153

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Abstract Summary PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
A positive association between air pollution and both the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported in some epidemiologic and animal studies, but little research has evaluated the relationship between air pollution and diabetic coma. Diabetic coma is an acute complication of DM caused by diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, which is characterized by extreme hyperglycemia accompanied by coma. We conducted a time-series study with a generalized additive model using a distributed-lag non-linear model to assess the association between ambient air pollution (particulate matter less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide [NO2], sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone) and emergency department (ED) visits for DM with coma in Seoul, Korea from 2005 to 2009.
Methods
The ED data and medical records from the 3 years previous to each diabetic coma event were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to examine the relationship with air pollutants.
Results
Overall, the adjusted relative risks (RRs) for an interquartile range (IQR) increment of NO2 was statistically significant at lag 1 (RR, 1.125; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.039 to 1.219) in a single-lag model and both lag 0-1 (RR, 1.120; 95% CI, 1.028 to 1.219) and lag 0-3 (RR, 1.092; 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.186) in a cumulative-lag model. In a subgroup analysis, significant positive RRs were found for females for per-IQR increments of NO2 at cumulative lag 0-3 (RR, 1.149; 95% CI, 1.022 to 1.291).
Conclusions
The results of our study suggest that ambient air pollution, specifically NO2, is associated with ED visits for diabetic coma.

Summary

Korean summary
본 연구에서는 대기오염물질의 단기적인 영향을 확인하기 위하여 당뇨병성 혼수로 인한 응급실 내원을 시계열적으로 분석하였다. 분석 결과 이산화질소 상승이 노출 1일 후의 응급실 방문을 1.25% 상승시켰다(RR, 1.125; 95% CI 1.039-1.219). 또한, 노출 3일 후까지 누적 결과도 유의한 상관관계를 보였다(RR 1.092; 95% CI, 1.005-1.186).

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Short-term effect of NO2 on outpatient visits for dermatologic diseases in Xinxiang, China: a time-series study
Ling Chao, Mengxue Lu, Zhen An, Juan Li, Yuchun Li, Qian Zhao, Yinbiao Wang, Yue Liu, Weidong Wu, Jie Song
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Short-term Effects of Ambient Air Pollution on Emergency Department Visits for Asthma: An Assessment of Effect Modification by Prior Allergic Disease History: Juhwan Noh, Jungwoo Sohn, Jaelim Cho, Seong-Kyung Cho, Yoon Jung Choi, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin; J Prev Med Public Health. 2016;49(5):329-341. Published online September 8, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.16.038

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objectives
The goal of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of ambient air pollution on emergency department (ED) visits in Seoul for asthma according to patients’ prior history of allergic diseases.
Methods
Data on ED visits from 2005 to 2009 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service. To evaluate the risk of ED visits for asthma related to ambient air pollutants (carbon monoxide [CO], nitrogen dioxide [NO2], ozone [O3], sulfur dioxide [SO2], and particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter <10 μm [PM10]), a generalized additive model with a Poisson distribution was used; a single-lag model and a cumulative-effect model (average concentration over the previous 1-7 days) were also explored. The percent increase and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated for each interquartile range (IQR) increment in the concentration of each air pollutant. Subgroup analyses were done by age, gender, the presence of allergic disease, and season.
Results
A total of 33 751 asthma attack cases were observed during the study period. The strongest association was a 9.6% increase (95% CI, 6.9% to 12.3%) in the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in O3 concentration. IQR changes in NO2 and PM10 concentrations were also significantly associated with ED visits in the cumulative lag 7 model. Among patients with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis, the risk of ED visits for asthma per IQR increase in PM10 concentration was higher (3.9%; 95% CI, 1.2% to 6.7%) than in patients with no such history.
Conclusions
Ambient air pollutants were positively associated with ED visits for asthma, especially among subjects with a prior history of allergic rhinitis or atopic dermatitis.

Summary

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Medical Care Expenditure in Suicides From Non-illness-related Causes: Jungwoo Sohn, Jaelim Cho, Ki Tae Moon, Mina Suh, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin, Sang Hyuk Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2014;47(6):327-335. Published online November 4, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.14.038

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Abstract PDF

Objectives
Several epidemiological studies on medical care utilization prior to suicide have considered the motivation of suicide, but focused on the influence of physical illnesses. Medical care expenditure in suicide completers with non-illness-related causes has not been investigated.
Methods
Suicides motivated by non-illness-related factors were identified using the investigator’s note from the National Police Agency, which was then linked to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment data. We investigated the medical care expenditures of cases one year prior to committing suicide and conducted a case-control study using conditional logistic regression analysis after adjusting for age, gender, area of residence, and socioeconomic status.
Results
Among the 4515 suicides motivated by non-illness-related causes, medical care expenditures increased in only the last 3 months prior to suicide in the adolescent group. In the younger group, the proportion of total medical expenditure for external injuries was higher than that in the older groups. Conditional logistic regression analysis showed significant associations with being a suicide completer and having a rural residence, low socioeconomic status, and high medical care expenditure. After stratification into the four age groups, a significant positive association with medical care expenditures and being a suicide completer was found in the adolescent and young adult groups, but no significant results were found in the elderly groups for both men and women.
Conclusions
Younger adults who committed suicide motivated by non-illness-related causes had a higher proportion of external injuries and more medical care expenditures than their controls did. This reinforces the notion that suicide prevention strategies for young people with suicidal risk factors are needed.

Summary

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Socioeconomic factors associated with suicidal behaviors in South Korea: systematic review on the current state of evidence
Nicolas Raschke, Amir Mohsenpour, Leona Aschentrup, Florian Fischer, Kamil J. Wrona
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Medical Care Utilization During 1 Year Prior to Death in Suicides Motivated by Physical Illnesses: Jaelim Cho, Won Joon Lee, Ki Tae Moon, Mina Suh, Jungwoo Sohn, Kyoung Hwa Ha, Changsoo Kim, Dong Chun Shin, Sang Hyuk Jung; J Prev Med Public Health. 2013;46(3):147-154. Published online May 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.3.147

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Abstract PDF

Objectives

Many epidemiological studies have suggested that a variety of medical illnesses are associated with suicide. Investigating the time-varying pattern of medical care utilization prior to death in suicides motivated by physical illnesses would be helpful for developing suicide prevention programs for patients with physical illnesses.

Methods

Suicides motivated by physical illnesses were identified by the investigator's note from the National Police Agency, which was linked to the data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment. We investigated the time-varying patterns of medical care utilization during 1 year prior to suicide using repeated-measures data analysis after adjustment for age, gender, area of residence, and socioeconomic status.

Results

Among 1994 suicides for physical illness, 1893 (94.9%) suicides contacted any medical care services and 445 (22.3%) suicides contacted mental health care during 1 year prior to suicide. The number of medical care visits and individual medical expenditures increased as the date of suicide approached (p<0.001). The number of medical care visits for psychiatric disorders prior to suicide significantly increased only in 40- to 64-year-old men (p=0.002), women <40 years old (p=0.011) and women 40 to 64 years old (p=0.021) after adjustment for residence, socioeconomic status, and morbidity.

Conclusions

Most of the suicides motivated by physical illnesses contacted medical care during 1 year prior to suicide, but many of them did not undergo psychiatric evaluation. This underscores the need for programs to provide psychosocial support to patients with physical illnesses.

Summary

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